Monday, May 25, 2020

Notes On The De La Ciudad - 716 Words

Cada ciudad que visitas tiene sus propias esculturas y estatuas à ºnicas, pero algunos realmente te hacen ver dos veces y algo mà ¡s. Las esculturas mà ¡s singulares y sorprendentes conocidos para capturar los ojos de todos los que pasan se pueden encontrar escondido en las calles secretas y difundido en las plazas de la ciudad:. Hay muchas esculturas y estatuas (nuevos y viejos) actualmente provocan la conversacià ³n y la intriga. Únete a la diversià ³n mirando a travà ©s de estas fotos de las 25 estatuas mà ¡s increà ­bles y esculturas se encuentran en todo el mundo. 1. Expansià ³n, Nueva York, EE.UU. Cuando la luz se arrastra fuera de las grietas del cuerpo de esta estatua, un mundo de mensajes son retratados por el artista Paige Bradley. Todas las piezas son echados en bronce e hizo flotar por separado el uno del otro. mundos-la mayorà ­a-creativas-estatuas-4 2. Salmà ³n Escultura, Portland, Oregon, EE.UU. Busque el salmà ³n en la calle Salmà ³n! Esta estatua pescados enrrollados ocupa el puesto # 32 de 676 atracciones en Portland-haciendo de este pescado con terribles objetivo un tipo gilled popular! mundos-la mayorà ­a-creativas-estatuas-12 3. Los Zapatos En El Banco de Danubio, Budapest, Hungrà ­a Este monumento en Budapest creado por Can Togay y Gyula Pauer conmemora los Judios asesinados por los fascistas Flecha Cruz durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Los zapatos simbolizan las và ­ctimas que fueron obligados a quitarse los zapatos antes de recibir un disparo en la orilla del agua.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of An Inspector Calls By Mendoza Okara Utilises Onofre Bouvila1177 Words   |  5 Pagesfiguratively, due to his impoverished upbringing and working class background. â€Å"corrià ³ hacia la mesa presidencial†¦ Al llegar a la mesa advirtià ³ que no quedaba una sola silla libre, ni un cubierto reservado para à ©l.  ¿Quà © haces aquà ­ parado como un pasmarote? Tu puesto està ¡ allà ¡, en la mesa tres†¦  ¡Pero yo quiero sentarme aquà ­ al lado de la zarina!...  ¿quieres ofender a su alteza imperial?† 6. (Eduardo Mendoza, La ciudad de los prodigios page 328). â€Å"These same men who asked for his money do not allow OnofreRead MoreAnalysis O f The Poem The Of Mendoza Utilises Onofre Bouvila 1122 Words   |  5 Pagesof the social ladder literally and figuratively, due to his impoverished upbringing and working class background. â€Å"corrià ³ hacia la mesa presidencial†¦ Al llegar a la mesa advirtià ³ que no quedaba una sola silla libre, ni un cubierto reservado para à ©l.  ¿Quà © haces aquà ­ parado como un pasmarote? Tu puesto està ¡ allà ¡, en la mesa tres†¦  ¡Pero yo quiero sentarme aquà ­ al lado de la zarina!...  ¿quieres ofender a su alteza imperial?†. â€Å"These same men who asked for his money do not allow Onofre to sit at the sameRead MoreVenezuelas Views On Venezuela1128 Words   |  5 Pages(0 tropical, up to 760 m (2,500 ft.) in elevation; subtropical, from 760–1,830 m (2,500–6,000 ft.); temperate, from 1,830–2,740 m (6,000–9,000 ft.); and cold, above 2,740 m (9,000 ft.). In the tropical region, including the cities of Maracaibo and Ciudad Bol à ­var, mean annual temperatures range from 24 ° to 35 °c (75 ° to 95 °f). In the subtropical region, where Caracas is situated, the means range from 10 ° to 25 °c (50 ° to 77 °f). In January, in Caracas, the average minimum and maximum temperatures areRead MoreLatin American Authors Influence On Mexican Culture1698 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Las mujeres son seres inferiores porque, al entregarse, se abren. Su inferioridad es constitucional y radica en su sexo, en su rajada, herida que jamà ¡s cicatriza.† (p. 58-59) This mimicry allows Paz to share an observation on Mexican culture, without commiting to the viewpoint himself. He also occasionaly resorts to an open scathing critique. He uses this most notably when talking about the phenomenon of machismo, who’s views he reproduces above, saying that the macho â€Å"Es el poder, aislado enRead MoreModern Mexican Society And Its Culture1616 Words   |  7 Pageswork in plantations under unfair terms and work conditions. These extreme differences in wealth and opportunities between the peasants and the â€Å"hacendados’, or land owners, gave rise to what would be known as the Mexican Revolution. It is important to note that, parallel to the revolution, Fordism as a way of production started to make its way into Mexican industry due to its success in the United States and the close ties between Mexican and U.S. industry. But unlike in the United States, Mexican laborRead MoreDominican Music and Film Essay2093 Words   |  9 Pagespo litics. Monumento a la muerte del Tirano Trujillos Death Monument De 1930 a 1961, el tirano Rafael Leonidas Trujillo dirigià ³ la Repà ºblica Dominicana como dictador y se mantuvo en el poder mediante el imperio del terror. En 1961 su auto fue valientemente interceptado frente al mar y baleado por colaboradores y subalternos suyos que pasaron a la historia como hà ©roes al asesinarlo a los 70 aà ±os de edad cuando se dirigà ­a a ver una amante fuera de la ciudad en la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a exclusiva de su chofer y sin suRead MoreThe Wines Of Spain ( California )3880 Words   |  16 Pagesof a dry German Rhine wine, the delicate brightness of a California chardonnay, languished in the decadence of a Portuguese port or Amontillado sherry. Even more surprising my love of Cognac did not preclude my ability to savor the warmth of Brandy de Jerez from Spain. Nevertheless, despite my experience in Colorado, I did start expanding my horizons with red wines until my forties. I had learned of the pleasures of the red wines from Piedmont, Italy. The incredible richness of Australian ShirazRead MoreMonetary Standard2081 Words   |  9 PagesSpanish Regime †¢ Hilis kalamay was used after the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521. It bore the seals of the Spanish rulers Charles II, Philip IV and Philip V. †¢ When the Spanish regime started in 1571, coins minted in Mexico called cabo de bara de plata where the first coins that were widely circulated during and after the reign of King Philip II. †¢ During the reign of king Philip V (1700-1746), the first coin minted in the Philippines was called Spanish Barilla. The coat of Manila wasRead MoreBlah13832 Words   |  56 Pagesen 3. Me gusta preparar la 4. Copyright  © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifï ¬â€šin Company. Level 1, pp. 32-36 UNIDAD 1 †¢ Vocabulario A Leccià ³n 1 Vocabulario A Los sà ¡bados me gusta 3 hacer? bicicleta comida alquilar . . un DVD. Ask the following people if they like to do the activities in parentheses. modelo: Camila (dibujar): Camila,  ¿te gusta dibujar? 1. Felipe (tocar la guitarra) Felipe,  ¿te gusta tocar la guitarra? 2. Mayra (hablarRead More Mexican Labor Unions and Economic Reforms Over the Past 20 Years4202 Words   |  17 Pagesworkers belong to labor unions (La Botz). Many border town cities where much of the development has occurred over the last 20 years have 95-100% unionization. The labor union landscape of the past twenty years has had many players, but two of the most notable include the Mexican political party, Partido Revolucional Institucional (PRI) which has been in both Presidential power and legislative power since 1929 when it was formed, and the Confederacià ³n de Trabajadores Mexicanos (CTM), the

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

An Overview Of The Indian Copyright Act International Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 22 Words: 6671 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? The Indian Copyright Act laws have been formulated on the basis of several of the International laws, conventions and agreements. Despite this, several differences exist within the scope of each of these laws. Also, the intensity of copyright law enforcement in India is not as effective as in the other countries. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Overview Of The Indian Copyright Act International Law" essay for you Create order For this purpose, a comparison of the copyrights situation in India with the copyrights situations in other countries, will give a better view of the advantages, differences and the shortcomings, in the existing legal system in India. An overview and a subsequent analysis, is being made with respect to: The copyrights situation in India and the copyrights situations in the three countries namely USA, Canada Australia; The societies involved in protection of copyrights in India and also other countries; The findings from the analysis, has been presented in the form of evaluations of the copyright statutes in other countries and the existing drawbacks in India. Before going into the comparative analysis, a brief overview of the history of copyrights in the world, and subsequent developments in copyrights in the international scenario, will be able to offer a better understanding and perspective of the analysis presented thereof. V.2. Origin Growth of Copyrights 1 The concept Copyrights was introduced after the invention of the printing press and the growth of public awareness. It has its origins in Britain in the 17th Century, in order to bring about a transformation to the monopolies of printers. V.2.1. Licensing Act 1962 The King of England passed the Licensing Act of 1662 which necessitated a register of licensed books and required a copy to be deposited with the Stationers Company, for the benefit of printers. V.2.2. Statute of Anne In 1709, The Statute of Anne was the first real copyright act, which gave rights for a fixed period, to the authors in the new state of Britain, after which the copyright expired. Ever since, Copyright has grown from a legal concept regulating copying rights in the publishing of books and maps to one with a significant effect on nearly every modern industry covering items such as sound recordings, films, photographs, software, and architectural works. Internationally, the first ever Copyright convention called the Berne Convention was held on the 9 September 1886, at Switzerland, which set out the scope of copyright protection, and is still in force to this day. V.3. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886 2 The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is an international agreement about copyright, which was first adopted in Berne, Switzerland in 1886. Under the Berne Convention, copyrights for creative works do not have to be asserted or declared, as they are automatically in force at creation, i.e., an author need not register or apply for a copyright. As soon as a work written, its author is automatically entitled to all copyrights in the work and to any derivative works, unless and until the author explicitly disclaims them, or until the copyright expires. The Berne Convention also resulted in foreign authors being treated equivalently to domestic authors, in any country signed onto the Convention. Prior to the adoption of the Berne Convention, national copyright laws would only apply for works created within each country. For ex: A work published in Paris by a French national would be covered by copyright in France, but could be copied and sold b y anyone in the United Kingdom. Similar to the Paris Convention of 1883 for the protection of Industrial Property, the Berne Convention set up a bureau to handle the administrative tasks. In 1893, these two small bureaus merged and became the United International Bureaus for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI), situated in Berne. In 1967 BIRPI became WIPO, the World Intellectual Property Organization, which, since 1974, is an organization within the United Nations. V.3.1. Berne Convention was revised in the following years: 1896 (Paris), 1908 (Berlin), 1914 (Berne), 1928 (Rome), 1948 (Brussels), 1967 (Stockholm), 1971 (Paris), Amended in 1979 (Paris) V.3.2. Countries which became parties to the Berne Convention United Kingdom signed the Berne Convention in 1887 but did not implement it until 100 years later, when the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 was passed. The United States refused initially to become a party to the Convention. However, on March 1, 1989, the US Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 came into force. Since almost all nations are members of the World Trade Organization, the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement requires non-members to accept the conditions of the Berne Convention. As of April 2007, 163 countries, including India, are parties to the Berne Convention. The following requirements were mentioned under the Berne Convention: All works except photographic and cinematographic shall be copyrighted for at least 50 years after the authors death (but the concerned parties are free to provide longer terms). Photography a minimum term of 25 years from the year the photograph was created Cinematography a minimum is 50 years after first showing, or 50 years after creation if it hasnt been shown within 50 years after the creation. Countries under the older revisions of the treaty may choose to provide their own protection terms, and certain types of works (such as phonorecords and motion pictures) may be provided shorter terms. Although the Berne Convention states that the copyright law of the country where copyright is claimed shall be applied, article 7.8 states that unless the legislation of that country otherwise provides, the term shall not exceed the term fixed in the country of origin of the work i.e. an author is normal ly not entitled a longer copyright abroad than at home, even if the laws abroad give a longer term. This is known as the rule of the shorter term. It can be stated that the Berne convention has inspired several countries like India to frame their own legislations on Intellectual property rights protection and also enter into a global agreement such as TRIPS. V.4. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 3 The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It is dedicated to developing a balanced and accessible international intellectual property (IP) system, which rewards creativity, stimulates innovation and contributes to economic development while safeguarding the public interest. WIPO was established by the WIPO Convention in 1967 with a mandate from its Member States to promote the protection of IP throughout the world through cooperation among states and in collaboration with other international organizations. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. The members of the Berne Union are required to recognize the copyright of works of authors from other member countries, in the same way it recognizes the copyright of its own nationals. For instance, French copyright law applies to anything published or performed in France, regardless of where it was originally created. A system of equal treatment was established, which int ernationalized copyright amongst its members. The agreement also required member states to provide strong minimum standards for copyright law. Aspects related to Performers, which were not included in Berne Convention, were covered under the Rome Convention, which can be viewed as follows. V.5. Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations 1961 4 The Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations was accepted by members of the World Intellectual Property Organization on October 26, 1961. The agreement extended copyright protection for the first time from the author of a work to the creators and owners of particular, physical manifestations of intellectual property, such as audiocassettes or DVDs. The Convention secures protection in performances of performers, phonograms of producers of phonograms and broadcasts of broadcasting organizations, and the provisions are: V.5.1. Performers Actors, singers, musicians, dancers and other persons who perform literary or artistic works are protected against certain acts they have not consented to. Such acts are: the broadcasting and the communication to the public of their live performance; the fixation of their live performance; the reproduction of such a fixation if the original fixation was made without their consent or if the reproduction is made for purposes different from those for which they gave their consent. V.5.2. Producers of phonograms Producers of phonograms enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit the direct or indirect reproduction of their phonograms. Phonograms are defined in the Rome Convention as meaning any exclusively aural fixation of sounds of a performance or of other sounds. When a phonogram published for commercial purposes gives rise to secondary uses (such as broadcasting or communication to the public in any form), a single equitable remuneration must be paid by the user to the performers, or to the producers of phonograms, or to both; contracting States are free, however, not to apply this rule or to limit its application. V.5.3. Broadcasting organizations Broadcasting organizations enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit certain acts, namely: the rebroadcast of their broadcasts; the fixation of their broadcasts; the reproduction of such fixations; the communication to the public of their television broadcasts if such communication is made in places accessible to the public against payment of an entrance fee. The Rome Convention allows exceptions in national laws to the above-mentioned rights as regards private use, use of short excerpts in connection with the reporting of current events, ephemeral fixation by a broadcasting organization by means of its own facilities and for its own broadcasts, use solely for the purpose of teaching or scientific research and in any other cases. Also, once a performer has consented to the incorporation of his performance in a visual or audiovisual fixation, the provisions on performers rights have no further application. Protection must last at least until the end of a period of 20 years comp uted from the end of the year in which: (a) The fixation was made, for phonograms and for performances; (b) The performance took place, for performances not incorporated in phonograms; (c) The broadcast took place, for broadcasts. However, national laws ever more frequently provide for a 50-year term of protection, at least for phonograms and for performances. WIPO is responsible, jointly with the ILO and UNESCO, for the administration of the Rome Convention. These three organizations constitute the Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Committee set up under the Convention and consisting of the representatives of 12 Contracting States. The Convention does not provide for the institution of a Union or a budget. It establishes an Intergovernmental Committee composed of Contracting States, which considers questions concerning the Convention. This Convention is open to all states that are party to the Berne Convention of 1886 or to the Universal Copyright Conve ntion. Instruments of ratification or accession must be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. States may make reservations with regard to the application of certain provisions. V.6. WTO Agreement on TRIPS 5 The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of Intellectual Property regulation. It was negotiated at the end of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1994. The TRIPS agreement is an attempt to narrow the gaps in the way these rights are protected around the world, and to bring them under common international rules. It establishes minimum levels of protection that each government has to give to the intellectual property of fellow WTO members. When there are trade disputes over intellectual property rights, the WTO dispute settlement system is now available. Similar to the GATT GATS, non-discrimination was described as: (a) National treatment i.e., treating ones own nationals and foreigners equally; (b) Most-favored-nation treatment i.e., equal treatment for nationals of al l trading partners in the WTO); (c) Intellectual property protection should contribute to technical innovation and the transfer of technology. The second part of the TRIPS agreement looks at different kinds of intellectual property rights and how to protect them. The purpose is to ensure that adequate standards of protection exist in all member countries. Areas not covered under the Paris Convention and the Berne Convention was covered under the TRIPS agreement. It is observed that most of the items listed in the GATT are highly relevant to performing artists. Provisions under the TRIPS agreement Copyright terms must extend to 50 years after the death of the author, although films and photographs are only required to have 50 and 25 year terms, respectively.(Art.  7(2),(4)) Copyright must be granted automatically, and not based upon any formality, such as registrations or systems of renewal. Computer programs must be regarded as literary works under copyright law and receive the same terms of protection. National exceptions to copyright (such as fair use in the United States) are constrained by the Berne three-step test Patents must be granted in all fields of technology, although exceptions for certain public interests are allowed (Art.  27.2 and 27.3) and must be enforceable for at least 20 years (Art 33). Exceptions to the exclusive rights must be limited, provided that a normal exploitation of the work (Art.  13) and normal exploitation of the patent (Art  30) is not in conflict. No unreasonable prejudice to the legitimate in terests of the right holders of computer programs and patents is allowed. Legitimate interests of third parties have to be taken into account by patent rights (Art  30). V.7. Relevance of International conventions treaties to India The Indian Copyright Act today is compliant with most international conventions and treaties in the field of copyrights.   India is a member of the Berne Convention of 1886 (as modified at Paris in 1971), the Universal Copyright Convention of 1951 and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of 1995. Though India is not a member of the Rome Convention of 1961, the Copyright Act, 1957 is fully compliant with the Rome Convention provisions. Two new treaties, collectively termed as Internet Treaties, were negotiated in 1996 under the auspices of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).   These treaties are called the WIPO Copyrights Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT).   These treaties were negotiated essentially to provide for protection of the rights of copyright holders, performers and producers of phonograms in the Internet and digital era.   India is not a member of these treaties as yet. The onus of the execution of the Copyright Act in India falls on the Copyright office. The issue of licenses and collecting royalties is taken care of by the registered copyright societies. In this respect, an overview of the registered copyright societies in India will give a clearer picture of the actual Copyrights in India. V.8. Overview of Registered Copyright Societies in India 6 A copyright society is a registered collective administration society. Such a society is formed by copyright owners. The minimum membership required for registration of a society is seven. Ordinarily, only one society is registered to do business in respect of the same class of work. A copyright society can issue or grant licenses in respect of any work in which copyright subsists or in respect of any other right given by the Copyright Act. There are five well known copyright societies in India, which include: V.8.1. IPRS 7 The Indian Performing Right Society Limited came into existence on 23rd August 1969. The IPRS is a representative body of Owners of Music, viz. The Composers, Lyricists (or Authors) and the Publishers of Music and is also the sole authorized body to issue Licenses, permitting usage of Music within India by any person. The society is a non-profit making organization and is a Company Limited by Guarantee and Registered under the Companies Act, 1956. It is also registered under Section 33 of the Copyright Act, 1957 as a Copyright Society in India, to issue licenses for usage of music. IPRS is presently the only national copyright society in the country which is permitted to commence and carry on copyright business in musical works and any words or any action intended to be sung, spoken or performed with the music. It has received the certificate of registration from the registrar of copyrights on 27th of March, 1996. IPRS collects royalties and distribute this amongst copyright own ers, after deducting its administrative costs. Members of IPRS As according to the available information on membership, Dr.M.Balamuralikrishna, Sri.K.J.Yesudas, Pt.Ramnarayan, Smt.Shubha Mudgal, Pt.Hariprasad Chaurasia, Sri.L.Krishnan, are the only few classical musicians who are registered as members of IPRS. No classical musician or classical dancer, arts organization, arts institution or other audio broadcasting company from Hyderabad Secunderabad has taken membership with IPRS. V.8.2. PPL 8 The Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI), the Association of Phonogram Producers, was established in 1936, and it was Instrumental in finalizing the broadcasting license arrangement in India. Subsequently, IPI members decided to form a specialized body to administer their Public Performance and broadcasting rights, and PPL came into being in 1941. The IPI changed its name to The Indian Music Industry (IMI) in 1994. PPL has been functioning as the Performing Rights Society for Sound Recordings. After the recent amendments in copyright law, PPL was registered with the registrar of copyrights in 1996, as a copyright society, permitted to carry on business in sound recordings. The functions of PPL include (a) Issue of Licenses for usage of sound recordings; (b) Music reporting which requires the licensees to provide data on their works; (c) Documentation of members sound recordings; and (d) Distribution of royalties to members. Members of PPL The only member of PPL from Hyderabad: Aditya Music (India) Pvt. Ltd. No classical musician or classical dancer, arts organization, arts institution or other audio broadcasting company from Hyderabad Secunderabad has taken membership PPL, nor are any music or dance related documents registered with the society. V.8.3. IMI 9 Indian Music Industry was established on 28th Feb 1936 as the Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI), and is second oldest music companies associations in the world engaged in defending, preserving and developing the rights of phonogram producers, and actively promoting and encouraging advancement of creativity and culture, through sound recordings. Rechristened Indian Music Industry (IMI) in 1994, it is a non-commercial and not for profit making organization affiliated to the International Federation of Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and is registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act. IMI members includes major record companies in India, which represent over 75% of the output in legitimate recordings and a wide range of musical repertoire. In spite of the fact that IMI has been instrumental in conducting hundreds of anti-piracy raids spanning the length and breadth of the country, the Indian music industry has lost of over Rs.1800 crores in the past three years. IM I plays an increasingly vital role in activities such as Anti-piracy Campaign, Promoting copyright law and its enforcement, Supporting International Copyright conventions, promoting new technologies mainly for assisting right owners, Liaising with the Government in industry matters, and helping public awareness about copyright. Members of IMI Aditya Music (India) Pvt Ltd Hyderabad Sohan Music Secunderabad are the only two members from Hyderabad, for this organization. Dr.K.J.Yesudas is the only classical musician cum movie singer whose company is a member of this organization. No audio company or broadcasting organization, or individuals from Hyderabad Secunderabad are members of IMI. Since IMI is a movie industry based copyright society, there are no members from the classical music and classical dance fraternity. V.8.4. IRRO 10 The Indian Reprographic Rights Organization (IRRO) is a non-profit making organization. Its members are Indian and International authors and publishers. The IRRO was incorporated in the year of 2000 with the active participation of Authors Guilds of India and The Federation of Indian Publishers. The society has been registered by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India, vide Registration No. CS/04/reprographic rights in the field of literary works/2002 dated 28th June 2002, as a Copyright Society under sub-section (3) of section 33 of the Copyright Act, 1957. IRRO is exclusively permitted to commence and carry on the Copyright business of reprographic rights in the field of literary works in India. IRRO is a member of the International Federation Reprographic Rights Organization (IFRRO). IRRO is the sole licensing authority in India, to issue licenses to users of copyrighted literary works of its members, and collect the royalties on their behalf, and distribute them. The society represents numerous authors and publishers of India, as well as foreign authors and publishers. Members of IRRO There is no membership information given for this organization, hence it needs to be verified, whether any of the authors or publishers in India, who are into publishing literary works for classical music and classical dance, have either registered or taken the support of this organization in copyright protection, so far. There are no registered members of IRRO, amongst those who have undertaken literary works in classic music and classical dance, in Hyderabad Secunderabad. V.8.5. SIMCA 11 South India Music Companies Association was set up in 1996, as an Association of Music Producers to look after the common problems faced by the Industry in South India. The membership of the association included those who belonged to IMI and/or PPL. SIMCA undertook some spectacular work in anti-piracy action and conducted raids all over the four States. It also represented to the State Governments regarding the need to contain piracy. In its limited way the association played a leading role in protecting the interests of the Producers of Music in South India. Activities of SIMCA include: Anti-Piracy, Regulating for the new economy, Radio, Ringtones, Digital Downloads, and Acting as a clearing house for music industry. Members of SIMCA Madhura Entertainment and Twenty Four Frames Factory Pvt. Ltd are the only two companies from Hyderabad, who are members of SIMCA. Since this is a copyright society for the purpose of the activities of the Film Music Industry in India, there are no classical musicians or dancers associated with this society. Despite such systematic regulations and legislations, the copyrights situation in India has not gained much momentum as compared to other countries. Though the provisions appear to be are similar, it is observed that the enforcement of Copyright laws is much more stringent in other countries as compared to India. An overview of the Copyrights situation in other countries, will give a clearer view. V.9. Copyrights situations in other countries 12 For the purpose of comparison and analysis, an overview of the legal provisions with respect to copyrights protection in three different countries has been observed. The copyrights situation in USA, Canada Australia can be viewed as under: V.10. Copyrights in the USA and Canada 13 It is a principle of American law that an author of a work may reap the fruits of his or her intellectual creativity for a limited period of time. Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States for original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, architectural, cartographic, choreographic, pantomimic, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, and audiovisual creations. Copyright literally means the right to copy. The term has come to mean that body of exclusive rights granted by law to authors for protection of their work. The owner of copyright has the exclusive right: to reproduce, distribute, and, in the case of certain works, publicly perform or display the work; to prepare derivative works; in the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission; or to license others to engage in the same acts under specific terms and conditions. Copyright protection does not extend to any idea , procedure, process, slogan, principle, or discovery. Copyright requires a certain amount of intellectual labor; consequently, short dance phrases are not copyrightable, much the same as individual words or short verbal phrases are not. Ideas in someones head is not copyrightable, neither are improvised speeches or performances that have not been written down or recorded. Such works are automatically protected by copyright the moment they are fixed in a tangible form of expression even if they are never registered with the U.S. Copyright Office. The US Copyright Law provides for the acquisition of copyright for Dramatic works, including any accompanying music and Choreographic works and Pantomimes. For dance works, copyright protection is available for pieces captured on film or videotape, or through Notation (e.g., Labanotation or Benesh). A live performance is not copyrightable unless it is somehow recorded and, thereby, made tangible. Copyright of a videotape or film c overs all original elements of the picture, including any original script or music, and any audio and visual elements that are subject to copyright. A set or costume design is not copyrightable, unless it constitutes a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work. A performed but unfixed choreography will not be entitled to copyright protection under the Act. Section 2 of the Canadian Copyright Act specifically provides that dramatic work includes choreographic work, and the choreographic work can be described as the scenic arrangement or acting form of which is fixed in writing or otherwise. According to the Berne Convention, such crystallization or reduction or the choreography shall be in writing or otherwise. Canadian law also introduced the Private Copying Levies in 1997 as part of its copyright provision. A private copying levy (also known as blank media tax or levy) is a government-mandated scheme in which a special tax or levy which is additional to any general sales t ax, is charged on purchases of recordable media. Such taxes are in place in various countries and the income is typically allocated to the developers of content. USA relaxes this rule of private copying levy, with respect to home audio recording. All countries in the European Union (EU), except Luxemburg, are all implementing the private copying levy system, with respective rates applicable in each country. V.11. Concept of COPYLEFT in USA other countries 14 Copyleft is a form of licensing and can be used to maintain copyright conditions for works such as computer software, documents, music and art. In general, copyright law is used by an author to prohibit others from reproducing, adapting, or distributing copies of the authors work. On the other hand, giving permission to others to reproduce, adapt or distribute it is called Copyleft. Copyleft licenses are a novel use of existing copyright law to ensure a work remains freely available. V.11.1. Application of Copyleft Freedom to use the work. Freedom to study the work Freedom to copy and share the work with others Freedom to modify the work and freedom to distribute modified and derivative works. The GNU General Public License was the first Copyleft license to see extensive use. Creative Commons, a non-profit organization founded by Lawrence Lessig, provides a similar license called Share-Alike. V.12. CREATIVE COMMONS Copyleft Society in USA, Canada other countries 15 Creative Commons (CC) is a nonprofit organization that issues licenses to any copyrighted work, in such a way that the works is available to the public for free and legal sharing, use, repurposing, and remixing. CC licenses enable people to easily change their copyright terms from the default of all rights reserved to some rights reserved. The types of licenses issued by CC include: Some Rights Reserved Attribution Attribution Share-Alike Attribution No Derivatives Attribution Non-Commercial Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives V.13. Copyrights Situation in Australia 16 Australian law recognizes that individuals have the right to protect the moral and economic interests arising from their creative works. In Australia, copyright law is governed by the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act), and in court decisions that have interpreted the provisions of the Act. The Act is amended from time to time to keep the law up to date. V.13.1. Requirements for protection In Australia there is no requirement to register to protect copyright works. Copyright protection is free and automatic, i.e., it does not depend on publication, a copyright notice, or any other procedure. Copyright material is protected from the time it is first written down or recorded in some way, provided it is the result of the creators skill and effort and is not merely copied from another work. The right to reproduce or copy a work is controlled by the copyright owner for the following types of material: Literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, cinematograph films, sound recordings, television and radio broadcasts, published editions. V.13.2. Duration of copyright Depending on the type of material the length of protection varies. In most cases, copyright lasts from the time of creation for the life of the creator plus 70 years. After that time, the material enters what is known as the public domain where it can be freely used without permission. V.13.3. Exclusive rights of copyright owners Owners of copyright have exclusive rights to deal with their works in certain ways. Anyone who wants to use their works in these ways will need the owners permission, although some exceptions to this rule apply. There are a number of exclusive rights depending on the genre of literary or artistic endeavor. For example copyright owners of literary, artistic, dramatic and musical works control the right to copy or reproduce, as well as the right to publish, perform in public, communicate to the public and adapt their works. V.13.4. Assigning and licensing rights Copyright owners may assign or license these rights to others. Assignment of copyright and licenses can include a number of limitations and conditions. These can include limitations on the type of use that can be made of the work, the period of time for which a license applies and requirements for payment. V.14. APRA AMCOS Copyright societies in AUSTRALIA 17 APRA AMCOS joint objective is to ensure composers/songwriters and publishers are rewarded whenever, and wherever, their musical works are played, performed or reproduced and help Australian New Zealand music consumers get access to the worlds musical repertoire. The Australasian Performing Right Association Limited (APRA) was established in 1926 and now administers the performing and communication rights of over 60,000 composers, songwriters and music publisher members in Australia and New Zealand. Public performances of music include music used in pubs, clubs, fitness centres, shops, cinemas, festivals, whether performed live, on CDs or played on the radio or television. Communication of music covers music used for music on hold, music accessed over the internet or used by television or radio broadcasters. The Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS) collects and distributes mechanical royalties for the reproduction of its members musical works for ma ny different purposes. These include the manufacture of CDs, music videos and DVDs, the sale of mobile phone ring-tones and digital downloads the use of production music and the making of radio and television programs. Since 1997, APRA has managed the day-to-day operations of the AMCOS business. V.15. Digital rights management (DRM) 18 Digital technology that inhibits uses of digital content not desired or intended by the content provider is called DRM. It is a systematic approach to copyright protection for digital media. The purpose of DRM is to prevent unauthorized redistribution of digital media and restrict the ways consumers can copy content theyve purchased. DRM products were developed in response to the rapid increase in online piracy of commercially marketed material. An embedded code prevents copying, by specifying a time period of access or by limiting the type of devices on which the content can be accessed. Though the digital content is protected by copyright laws, catching the law-breakers is not easy. The use of DRM may also be a barrier to future historians, since technologies designed to permit data to be read only on particular machines with particular keys for fixed time periods, might severely affect data recovery. DRM received legal backing from the WIPO International Treaty of 1996 and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. V.15.1. DRM Users (Copyrights in Music) Apple I-Tunes, Napster, Wal-Mart, Sony, Kazaa, MSN Music, Yahoo Music, Microsoft Zune etc. V.15.2. Shortcomings of DRM DRM faces several shortcomings such as: Ability to Rip CDs into DRM-Free Files Duplicating DRM files using Analog loophole Infringement by avoiding general computing platforms Failure due to improperly encrypted hardware Easy removal of Watermarks growth of Mass piracy by bit-perfect copying. V.16. Copyrights on Religious Works Ancient Texts 19 For copyright on religious works it is difficult to establish as to who could be the real rights holder. Under the provisions of the Berne convention, copyright is granted to the author on creation of the work. Several religions claim that their works were authored by their god or gods. For instance, many editions of the Bible are under copyright due to their unique edition or translation, though the Bible itself is believed to be the Word of God. V.17. Open Source Music 20 The recent concept of Open Source Music was introduced to provide access to public domain sheet music to musicians and music lovers.   Any music or work of art, which is not under the purview of copyright, comes to be known as art in the public domain. When such works are made freely available on the internet or other sources, they are known as open source artistic works. Open source music lists the works and recordings as also audio mp3s of all those artists, composers and music producers who want their works to be made known to the world, without being hindered by copyright protection. This concept has been propagated by people who were of the opinion that copyrights should not exist in art and music. Open source issues licenses which allow the users to freely share or redistribute any original works or derived works. All these aspects give rise to the following analysis of the copyrights situation in India, as compared to the copyrights situations in other countr ies such as USA, Canada, and Australia: V.18. Comparison of Copyrights Situations in India Abroad Copyright law enforcement is very strict in USA, Canada Australia. The government takes special measures to ensure that these statues are very effective implemented. Whereas in India, though the strict written laws and rules have been stated effectively, the actual copyright protection has not been accorded significant importance in the practical usage. There are very specific rules for choreographic works, dance works, pantomimes and other such works in the US Canadian copyright law. The words Dance Work and Pantomime are not listed in the Copyright Act 1957 of India. There is a necessity to include these definitions and practical applications and / or modify and amend any of the existing definitions in order to be able to protect the intellectual property and choreographic works of dance artists and dance teachers. The copyright enforcement in India is far from the standards established in the actual law. This is because the legal enforcement forces such as copyright agen cies and the police are themselves not completely informed about the legalities involved with copyright protection. Even otherwise, the awareness level is not comprehensive and exhaustive with respect to all the aspects related to copyrights and related rights. Hence, whenever any copyrights issues arise, the enforcement agencies or officials are not able to tackle them effectively. Whereas, in USA other countries, there are several special and active copyright enforcement cells that are always vigilant about infringers, violators and piracies. There are few copyright societies in India, which are involved in the protection of copyrights. Though these societies are working very effectively to bring in copyright enforcement, there is not much co-operation from the general public. The reasons for these could be that there is no awareness among the public as to why copyrights are required, and even if so, the main question that arises in India, is that what could be the benefit of such copyright protection to the common man. Whereas in the other countries, the government as well as private agencies make it a specific point to impart copyright education, right from the secondary school level. Though the copyright societies and enforcement cells available in India, the actual execution of the law is very slow and these cells are not as active as the enforcement cells in USA other countries. As a result, the enforcement of copyrights and other rights are much stronger in those countries as compared to India. Concepts like DRM, Open access, Copyleft, Open source, Share-Alike etc. are not yet recognized in most regions in India, and hence may not hold much relevance unless awareness is created about the basic aspects of copyrights to everyone. Only when there is awareness of the basic concepts, there is scope for the general public to be updated on the latest trends in intellectual property protection. On the other hand, these concepts are already very much in practice and administration in other countries. In a country like India, where rampant piracy is in vogue, concepts like Copyleft, Share-Alike, Open source etc., may not be of much significance because such aspects would only worsen the problem of infringement and piracy, and also give open access to further malpractices in copyright infringement. Except India and a few others, several countries are following the system of Private Copying Levy. Through this method, it can be identified as to how many blank audio/video media is being purchased, and by whom and if so, for what purpose. Such a system does not exist in India. Problems like high population, unemployment, recession, and poverty are all causes for high rate of copyright piracy and infringement in India. Illegal copying and sharing provides quick and easy income to several people in the country. Unless the country is able to tackle these issues, the concept of copyrights may not hold much relevance. On the othe r hand, copyright protection has accorded very good income, growth and encouragement to the creators of original artistic works in other countries and several new measures are being introduced every now and then, at international levels, to help the growth of copyright awareness. Compared to other countries, there are no special provisions specified in the existing Copyright Act, with respect to religious and ancient works. Hence, it remains to be established as to what could be the status in India such as ancient scriptures, religious texts, translations, adaptations etc. The creators and owners of intellectual properties are themselves not aware of the legal procedures related to protection of their works in India. Whereas, every person involved in the creation of intellectual properties in other countries are imparted at least bare minimum awareness of copyright protection, due to the educational system existing in those countries. V.19. Conclusion The enforcement of Copyright laws is much more stringent in USA as compared to India. Uses of services like youtube, google videos etc is highly restricted. There is no download facility available in such public video forums, in USA. In India, such downloads can be easily attempted, by using certain types of software. Even the usage of downloaded videos or buffered videos is not allowed in many instances in USA, unless and until proper referrals are provided by the user. Pirated and hacking softwares are easily available in India, which is proving to be an added tool for the copyright infringers and offenders. In USA and other countries, one cannot easily find websites hosting illegal music or downloads, because such things are immediately brought to the notice of the federal authorities. Copyright violation is considered to be a very serious offence in this country. As a consequence, it is also observed that there is a bit of reticence amongst artists and the audience, wi th respect to the progress and growth of the music industry in USA. Hence, the need for relaxation of certain rules has been identified by the lawmakers in USA. Forums such as Creative Commons have been instituted in order to make the copyright laws more people friendly. This is because there are heavy fluctuations in the already recession prone economy, when it comes to the music and art industries. These forums are issuing special licenses where works of other people can be used based on certain clauses which have been specifically included into such licenses. Copyright is a major issue in a country like USA, whereas in India, the awareness level is catching up only. Whether it would lead to a positive or negative impact on the economy and the overall music, dance and artistic communities, cannot be stated as of now.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Have You Ever Thought About Smoking An E Cig - 2069 Words

Eyad Daoud Alyson Dickerman ENG-101-17-14 December 11, 2014 Have you ever thought about smoking an E-Cig? Smoking cigarettes is the direct cause of 90 percent of lung cancer deaths and 80-90 percent of Chronic Bronchitis deaths. You ve all probably seen a cigarette before. You ve probably even smelled cigarette smoke before. Most of everyone knows the dangers that come with it, unless you live under a rock. In the United States alone there are more than 42 million people that smoke cigarettes! That’s an incredible amount. Do you know how many deaths smoking cigarettes cause? There is now a way to help smokers stay healthy and live in a better world, because of the addiction and the dangers of smoking; some people resorted to†¦show more content†¦What about electronic cigarettes? What are they? An E-cig is a battery-powered vaporizer created to simulate smoking. It’s fairly new, and not much information about its risks and benefits are known. However, electronic cigarettes don’t carry the same risks as normal cigarettes do. Like stated before cigarettes contain over 4,000 different types of harmful chemicals, which the electronic cigarettes do not. Lets get back to cigarettes. Did you know 90 percent of lung cancer in men is directly related to smoking and 80 percent of lung cancer in women is caused by cigarettes? Smoking is the most preventable cause of death in the world! Lets take a second and sway away from the harmful affects of smoking. What about the causes smoking can have on your appearance. How many smokers have you met with pearly white teeth? Not many is probably the answer, most smokers also carry the horrible stench that cigarettes give off as well as horrible wrinkles and bags that go along with the yellowish eyes you achieve from smoking. If you’re a constant smoker you’re probably immune to the smell, but not the people around you that don’t smoke. The worst part is that stench is

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Relationship Between Conflict And Power - 2577 Words

Introduction While conflict can be a healthy part of an organization, conflict managed poorly has significant impact on an organization. What further exacerbates this issue is when there is an imbalance of power. This paper examines the relationship of conflict and power. It will address how imbalance of power can impede one’s efforts in managing conflict in the workplace. It will also identify ideas on how to integrate ways to mediate conflict into the culture. Lastly, the paper will use a case study to illustrate these concepts. Defining Power and Conflict Power has been addressed in academic literature in several ways but most commonly describing â€Å"power as the ability to control valued resources and administer rewards and†¦show more content†¦Conflict handling is best addressed when both parties engage in an integrative approach where they work in cooperation and generate solutions that address the needs of both parties (de Reuver, 2006). This isn’t always the approach, however. Power can prevent a positive problem solving approach. The one holding the power simply does not need to operate in this way. â€Å"The powerful are less dependent on others than others are on them for acquiring and maintaining important resources† (de Reuver, 2006). In short, conflict, difficult already to manage, becomes much more difficult to handle if the power is unequal. In addition to power established because of organizational hierarchy or role, power is also established based on the level of influence or status one holds in an organization (Anichich, Fast, Halevy, Galinsky, 2016). â€Å"Status is the outcome of an evaluation of attributes that produce differences in respect and prominence† (Ketner et al, 2003 p. 266) They co-exists but are not co-dependent on each other. It’s possible to have status without power and power without status (Ketner et al, 2003). Whether one’s control comes through status or positional power, lauding control or significant influence over another inevitably leads to conflict. In examining the relationship between those who hold power and those who have status, when one holds power but doesn’t have the status to go with it, there is often negative behavior that follows. â€Å"AcrossShow MoreRelatedThroughout The Progression Of Time Labor Has Shifted From962 Words   |  4 Pagesonce being manual trade work to becoming computerized office work. Hence, several acts came to light to protect employees from unfair treatment at work. One of the most vital relationships in any work environment is the employment relationship. Budd and Bhave (2008) explain, â€Å"the employment relationship is the connection between employees and employers through which individuals sell their labor† (p.2). There are various types of work contracts that a number of businesses use when hiring their employeesRead MoreThe Principles of Power and Conflict in relationship1502 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication 2 4 Nov. 2013 The Principles of Power and Conflict in Relationships As relationships are formed we establish power dominances in any kind of relationship such as friendship, love, family, and in the workplace. I believe that the roles of who has power are changing in every type of relationship. Change might be welcome but as roles are changing not all support changes in the relationships such as in the workplace, and family. The principle of power comes in play most of the time in a workplaceRead MoreConflict Is An Inevitable Element Of Life We All Go Through1511 Words   |  7 Pages Conflict is an inevitable element of life; we all go through conflict in every ramification of our life: in relationships, family of origin and even workplaces. What is conflict? Interpersonal conflict can be defined as an â€Å"expressed struggle between two or more interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals† (Wilmot an, 2011, pg.11). It is important to note that conflict is not always bad and it can range fromRead MoreConflict : Conflict And Conflict1160 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is a problematic situation that occurs between interdependent people who seek different goals or means to those goals. Conflict is inevitable as relationships become closer, more personal, and more interdependent, more conflicts occur, perceived trivial or minor complaints become more significant, and feelings become more intense. Conflict has many definitions (opposing viewpoints, when opponents engage in bat tle, going against one another in some fashion, incompatibility between the objectivesRead MoreConflict In Animal Farm883 Words   |  4 Pagesre-shaping of society is ultimately the catalyst for conflict. Composers explore the various aspects of conflict so that that the responder gains a wider understanding of the overall effects on humanity. George Orwell’s allegorical novella Animal Farm portrays how power has the potential to provoke social conflict. On the contrary, Edward Zwick’s film Glory reveals how ones relationships can be strengthened through conflict. When individuals in power are corrupted by the greed associated with theirRead MoreCreating Positive Value From Personal Conflict1692 Words   |  7 PagesHumans can persevere through conflict when those involved in the conflict realize the natural conflict patterns of humans and human’s ability to create positive value from personal conflict experiences. Grappling with the topic of human nature, in accordance with conflict, is considered impossible because of human’s unpredictability but it is possible when one studies all of the parts. Understanding human conflict patterns involve realizing that conflict is a self-organizing system, how reflectedRead MoreThe United States And China1521 Words   |  7 Pagesa complex relationship. The tension between the two powers is related to the communist regime in China. The United States and China have almost always been on opposing sides in a conflict such as the Korean War, the Tibetan uprise, or the race for nuclear weapons. However, just as the United States has grown in power, China has done the same. China is and always has been the most influential state in Asia. While it has been on the world stage for sometime, its economic and military power has beenRead MoreIn The Immortal Words Of Thomas Paine, â€Å"A Constitution1435 Words   |  6 Pageslimits the powers of the government it creates† (Paine 1805). One of the great debates among Constitutional scholars is just what the exact purpose of Constitutions are. Some argue that Constitutions function as express ions of values of the populace at the time. Others theorize that Constitutions serve as tools of social coordination. While both of these theories have merit, at the end of the day, Constitutions primarily function as power maps. Ultimately, they express the power dynamics between citizensRead MoreA Small And Median Business Enterprise1465 Words   |  6 PagesThis case study will identify an overview theory of power, conflict and legal issues in a Small and Median Business Enterprise (SME) ‘Grove Juice’. It will develop an integrated overview of Grove Juice background and define concepts related to the distribution channel of a Business to Business (B2B) relationship in marketing. Through examining B2B relationships for the Grove Juice company, readers will have a better understanding of power and conflict issues that are associated with the business. ItRead MoreCommunication Conflict Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesCM310:Communication Conflict Final Project Communication Conflict Final Project The Nature of Power in Conflict: Power can be defined in many ways. Most simply, it is the ability to get what you want. Power is a fundamental concept in any conflict. The nature of that power can depend upon how the power is distributed, how it is viewed, and how it is used. There can be power struggles between those that feel very powerful and those that feel that

Essay on Pleasures of Eating - 1044 Words

Aundrenee Nash Writing 121 Chris Jensen May 10 2013 The Pleasures of Eating Summary and Response In â€Å"The Pleasures of Eating† Wendell Berry wants the reader to recognize that eating is a cultural act. He believes we are eaters not consumers and that we should have more knowledge about the food we eat. Berry wants the reader to questions where the food is coming from, what condition is it produced in and what chemicals may it contains. He has found that the food industries blind us to what we are consuming and the effect it has on us. At last Berry believes that we must eat responsibly to live free. Berry first begins with eating as an agricultural act. We think of food as an agricultural product rather than think of ourselves†¦show more content†¦Like any politics it involves our freedom. By giving someone else the control we, â€Å"neglect to understand that we cannot be free unless our food is free† (Berry 232). Our food wars a much make up as actors (Berry 232). Berry expresses that the food industry wants little to do with our health but more to do with volume and price of their product. As scales increase, diversity declines when this happens so does health. From there the dependence on drugs and chemicals becomes necessary. Food advertising leads up to believe that what we eat is good, tasty, healthy and guaranteed to give us a long life (Berry 233). Industrialism is a trap. Berry believes how to escape this trap is to recognize the food problem as a whole and how eating is inescapable. In order to participate in the agricultural act you must; participate in food productions, prepare your own food, learn your foods origin, cut the middle man when you buy, learn about industrial food companies, good farming and gardening and learn from observation and experience. Berry takes pleasure in eating meat from non-suffering non-farm raised animals. As well as, fruits and vegetables that lived a plentiful life. He believes eating should be an extensive pleasure and the more we participate in agriculture and gain knowledge the more we live, â€Å"free from mystery, from creatures weShow MoreRelatedThe Pleasure Of Eating By Wendell Berry864 Words   |  4 Pagesnew to learn and remember. Having a busy life can make it hard to focus on things that really matter, for instance knowing where chicken comes from? Wendell has written an essay a bout the importance of getting in touch with food origins â€Å"The pleasure of eating† an essay from â€Å"What are People for?† publish in 1990 by Wendell Berry. Wendell writes in verity ways of ethos, logos and pathos including examples to connect with the reader and to provide the reader a better idea of how society is not involvedRead MoreThe Pleasures Of Eating By Berry Wendell1496 Words   |  6 Pageschildren. People just want to come home and relax they don’t want to have to worry about cooking and all the preparation that comes with it, they would much rather order take out and avoid all the hassle of cooking. In Berry Wendell’s Essay â€Å"The Pleasures of Eating†, we are given insight on how very little common people know about where their food comes from and what it goes through. â€Å"When a Crop Becomes King† by Michael Pollan reveals how corn, a single crop could be involved in such a wide array of industryRead MoreThe Pleas ures Of Eating By Wendell Berry959 Words   |  4 Pages Sendrea Penaflor Egl 101 Wendell Berry’s essay, â€Å"The Pleasures of Eating,† published by North Point Press back in 2009 talks about his very strong and well thought of opinions about our society’s appreciation for food and the process it goes through. His essay was written twenty-six years ago yet, still holds a powerful message regarding our generation’s eating habits and appreciation for food. He starts the essay with a question from one of his audience, â€Å"What can city people do?† and Berry’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Pleasure Of Eating By Wendell Berry1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe right type of nutrients in what we consume daily or enjoy eating healthy. Food that is available to use effortlessly is the food we go for instead of rediscovering the ‘pleasure’ of food. Wendell Berry contributes in many different ways in his article including emotional appeal and reality to prove to us the various questions that should be arising in our minds wh en purchasing foods. In the an article called ‘The Pleasure of Eating’ by Wendell Berry talks about how consumers should know whereRead MoreAnalysis Of Wendell Berry s The Pleasures Of Eating1309 Words   |  6 PagesSimultaneously, the big food corporations mass produce low-quality products and manipulate their prices to appeal to consumers. These eating habits yield negative effects to their health, paving a pathway to obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and other diseases. Humans no longer have an eye for the quality of the food they consume. For instance, in Wendell Berry’s â€Å"The Pleasures of Eating†, Berry discusses how humans are passive consumers of the food industry; meaning they lack insight regarding where their foodRead MoreFast Food Nation By Wendell Berry s The Pleasures Of Eating867 Words   |  4 PagesSchlosser’s ‘Fast Food Nation’ and Wendell Berry’s ‘The Pleasures of Eating’ have undeniably altered the manner in which I will forever view fast and processed foods. After reviewing the two readings, I am convinced that fast and processed food consumers are the victims of large franchises seeking to make a quick buck at the expense of the consumer’s health. Fast food and processed food consumers are ignorant of the quality of the food that they choose to purchase, solely depending on franchisesRead MoreEpicurus And John Stuart Mill967 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosopher’s viewpoints on what is needed in order for a person to have a good, fulfilling life. They all included the concepts of pleasure and happiness to some extent in their theories, but they all approached the ideas in different ways. The two hedonists we studied, Epicurus and John Stuart Mill, place heavy emphasis on the importance of pleasure. They both believe that pleasure is a necessity in the ideal life. Jean Kazez agreed with their viewpoints in her theory and said that happiness was a necessityRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Qualitative Hedonism Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesmore plausible. I believe this because in my life I have encountered the joy of higher pleasure and am certain it is much better than that of a lower pleasure. Jeremy Bentham’s quantitative hedonism is a viewpoint that quantity, intensity, and duration of pleasures determines the value of that pleasure. Bentham argues that happiness is the ultimate good. He argues that the definition of happiness is pleasure accompanied by an avoidance of pain. Jeremy Bentham believed that creating the greatestRead MoreMathenys Views on Ulitarianism and Factory or Farm Animals860 Words   |  3 Pagesand his argument of refraining from eating the product from factory farms, and then offer an objection to it. Matheny states in â€Å"Utilitarianism and Animals† that we should refrain from eating the products from factory farms. The first premise of Matheny’s argument is the principle of equal consideration of interests. To be fair, just, and benevolent, any ethical rule we adopt should respect this principle. The second premise of Matheny’s argument is that eating factory-farmed products is consideredRead MoreThe Complex Relationship Between Body And Mind1729 Words   |  7 Pagesfunction, including: memory, emotions, and attention/focus. These systems rely heavily on one another and their accuracy and effectivity impact particular eating habits and behaviors that may be detrimental to one’s overall health, especially mental health. The brain decides when one is hungry and what one should eat based on the ideals of pleasure, desire, and discipline - so, does the body have as much control as once presumed? The stability of cognitive processes directs the development of habits

Hello Essay Paper Example For Students

Hello Essay Paper El Nino may be returning to affect weather worldwide Waters in the tropical Pacific Ocean are warming, a change that could mean a return of the El Nino, a climate phenomenon that can affect weather worldwide. The warming was reported Thursday by the federal Climate Prediction Center, a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The agency said El Nino (pronounced El NEEN-yo) could occur by early spring, but any impact on the United States would be unlikely before late summer, continuing through fall and into next winter. The magnitude of an El Nino determines the severity of its impacts, said climate specialist Vernon Kousky. At this point, it is too early to predict if this El Nino might develop along the same lines as the 1997-98 episode, or be weaker, he said. The 1997-98 El Nino was extremely severe, causing flooding rains in California and along the Gulf Coast. The climate center said indications of the current warming include increased cloudiness and rainfall over the equatorial central Pacific for the first time since the last El Nino. Considering the observed oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns and their recent evolution, it seems most likely that warm-episode conditions will develop in the tropical Pacific over the next 3-6 months, Kousky said. The first area affected would be the tropical Pacific, he said, with Indonesia likely to realize some relief from torrential rains. If El Nino develops as expected, the Pacific northwest will experience wetter than normal conditions in the fall. In the winter, Louisiana eastward to Florida, and possibly southern California, could also experience wetter than normal conditions, and the northern Great Plains will experience warmer than normal conditions, Kousky said. Historically, El Ninos have occurred every two to seven years and can last up to 12 months. El Nino means little boy in Spanish. The effect was named by Peruvian fishermen who would notice its impact on their catch around Chr istmastime and called the phenomenon after the baby Jesus.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

One Best Friend Essay Example For Students

One Best Friend Essay One Best FriendThere are so many types of friendship that can be developed intentionally or unintentionally by all humans. It’s hard to accept that sometimes because we might need the help of someone who if it wasn’t for the current need we would be happy not to even speak a word to him or her. All of us at some time or another we make conscious decisions on who our friends are. Frankenstein didn’t have such luxury. He didn’t have a circle of friends to choose from. He only had those who wanted to use him for their own convenience and it is in this way that he learned that friendship could be that. An exchange of favors by people he really didn’t trust. All through the storylines that follow the book and the first movie, Frankenstein didn’t have any real friends. Even the old blind man from Bride of Frankenstein accepted him because he himself was in desperate need of any kind of human interaction. The monster’s first impression was that of an honest friendly gesture. This was the first step for him in learning that friendship could be used to acquire the things he wanted. Aristotle commented on the existence of three types of friendship: â€Å"friendship based on utility†, â€Å"friendship based on pleasure† and â€Å"perfect friendship†. The first one being based on a dependency of one another. We all get to experience all three types of friendship. The Monster never had the privilege of knowing the last one. The third one is based on real feelings of admiration, respect, and understanding. Nobody ever had those feelings toward the monster. Almost all the characters and ever viewers of the story have nothing but feelings of fear, misunderstanding, pity and disrespect for the monster. The closest anybody came to be a real friend to the monster was Ygor. Even Ygor didn’t really see the monster as a potential friend he was only a tool that he used to get even with those who sentenced him to be hanged and those who didn’t hide their disgust for Ygor. It could be argued that nobody got as close to the monster as Ygor did . Ygor didn’t want the monster to be his friend he didn’t hesitate to replace the Monster’s brain with his own in order to have the monster strength to be used for his own plans. He realized that controlling the monster was becoming more and more difficult. Friendship is not about controlling somebody else. In the surface it could be argued that Ygor was the Monster’s best friend. After all we all have someone that it’s considered a best friend. Everybody in the early years try to stay and befriend those who look like us or who share some kind of bond. In Bride Of Frankenstein the monster seems to be applying this concept to himself when he demands a partner. He had realized that people would never be able to see him in a friendly manner, they would never be able to understand him, because they were not like him. His solution was to search for someone who understood him and was in the same situation. Another monster. At the end of the movie he real ized that not even someone who had been built just like himself would not accept him. The terrified expression of the bride told him everything he needed to know. There are so many aspects to the story of Frankenstein in relation to friendship, but the most notable is that of a lonely being who could not culture a â€Å"perfect friendship† which was the cause of his destruction. .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 , .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .postImageUrl , .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 , .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32:hover , .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32:visited , .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32:active { border:0!important; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32:active , .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32 .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u142fdeeda0618148fedf50f1f00a1f32:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Secret Sharer written by Joseph Conrad, center EssayEnglish Essays